<p>The Caleb H. Marshall House is a historic residential property at 53 Summer Street in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Built about 1858 and repeatedlye extended and altered, it has served as a private residence, an early example of a privately run sanatorium, and multiunit residential housing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Caleb H. Marshall House stands in a residential area west of downtown St. Johnsbury, on the east side of Summer Street, roughly midway between Winter and Church Streets. The property consists of a main house, which has a front-facing 2-1/2 story block with Italianate styling and a long rear ell, and a seven-car garage at the back of the lot. The front facade is two bays wide, with paired brackets in the gable eaves and a round-arch window near the gable peak. A Colonial Revival porch extends across the front and around to the left side, supported by round columns set on a shingled skirt. The entrance is in the left bay, with a polygonal window bay to the right. The right side of the main block also has projecting two-story bays, and the long ell has porches on the right side.</p><br>
<p>A house of some sort was standing on this lot when it was bought by Charles G. Marshall in 1853. Marshall&#39;s son Caleb, a brass finisher by trade, is credited with updating the house with its Italianate features in 1870. Marshall also was almost always taking in boarders, according to local census records. In 1919 his daughter sold the house to Harriet Frost, who operated what appears to be the first sanatorium in the town; it was probably established to handle cases of the 1918 influenza epidemic, and is the period from when the rear ell and the front porch date. Its use as a sanatorium ended in the 1930s, after which the rear sanatorium space was converted into apartments. The garage was added about 1940, around the time of the apartment conversion.</p><br>
<p>The Stowe Village Historic District encompasses most of the village center of Stowe, Vermont. The village has since the 19th century been one of Vermont&#39;s major resort centers, and its center is architecturally reflective of this history, It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Stowe was settled in the early 19th century, with the first building in what is now village center a tavern built in 1811. This area was better suited for both industry and the growth of a village than older settlements to the north and south, and it was recognized in the 1840s as the town center by the placement of the post office. The tourist trade arose early in the town, with visitors drawn to the mountain scenery, promoted by W.H.H. Bingham, builder of the large Mount Mansfield Hotel in 1864 (burned down in 1889), the Summit Hotel on Mount Mansfield, and roads to Mount Mansfield and Smugglers Notch. The result of this growth in the 19th century is a streetscape diverse in 19th-century architecture.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly centered on the three-way junction of Vermont Route 100 (Main Street to the south and Maple Street to the northeast) and Vermont Route 108 (Mountain Road), which leades to the Stowe Mountain Resort. It extends from Palisades Street in the south to just beyond Cemetery Road in the northeast, and along Mountain Road roughly to where it bends away from the West Branch Little River. It further includes properties on side streets just south of Main Street. The architecture of the village is characterized by wood-frame construction in a diversity of popular 19th-century styles, with a uniformity of setback and scale in many areas. There are some brick houses, and the 1833 Green Mountain Inn is also a prominent example of brick Federal architecture. Civic buildings of note include both the town&#39;s 1818 and 1902 town halls (the latter still in use for that purpose).</p><br>
<p>The Greensboro Depot is a historic railroad station on Main Street in the village of Greensboro Bend, Vermont. Built about 1872 by the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, it is a well-preserved example of that railroads early station designs, and a reminder of the villages historic association with the railroad. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Greensboro Depot buildings are located in southernmost Greensboro, on the west side of Main Street between it and the Lamoille River. It is set just south of the former railroad right-of-way of the Saint Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad (a later reorganization of the Portland and Ogdensburg), at the northernmost point of what was known as the "Greensboro Bend" in its main line between Saint Johnsbury and Hardwick. There are two buildings, oriented perpendicular to the roadway. The passenger station is set closest to the road, and is the most architecturally elaborate. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof that has elongated eaves. Its main decorative features are extensive Stick style applied woodwork beneath the eaves, and delicate jigsawn woodwork at the gable ends, including pieces set in the large brackets that support the roof. The freight station, set just west of the passenger station, is a much more modestly decorated structure of similar size, without the deep eaves, but with simpler decorative brackets.</p><br>
<p>The station was built by the Portland and Ogdensburg about 1872, year service opened between St. Johnsbury and Hardwick. The station gave the village of Greensboro Bend its name, because of the large semicircular loop built in the line to serve Greensboro. The rail line was acquired by the state in 1973 (and is now broken down), and the buildings have been repurposed.</p><br>
<p>The New Jersey Brigade Encampment Site, also called the New Jersey Brigade Area, was used by the Continental Army in the winter of 1779–80, during the American Revolutionary War. The site is located in Bernardsville, Somerset County, New Jersey and extends into Harding Township, Morris County. About 1,300 men of the New Jersey Brigade were encamped here. It is one of four contributing sites of the Morristown National Historical Park. The Cross Estate Gardens property was added in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Patriots&#39; Path, also known as the New Jersey Brigade Trail here, is needed to access the marked historical sites. One trailhead is on Hardscrabble Road, another on Jockey Hollow Road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the "Hard Winter" of 1779–80, the Continental Army encamped at nearby Jockey Hollow except for the New Jersey Brigade, which encamped here. The New Jersey units were the 1st New Jersey Regiment, 2nd New Jersey Regiment, 3rd New Jersey Regiment and Spencer&#39;s Regiment.</p><br>
<p>Marist Brothers College Rosalie Buildings are heritage-listed Roman Catholic monastery and school buildings at Fernberg Road, Rosalie, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. They are also known as Marist Brothers&#39; Monastery and Marist College. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in November 2008 due to declining student numbers. However, the campus contains to be used by the Marist Brothers and the local Catholic parish.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Marist Brothers College and Monastery at Fernberg Road, Rosalie was opened in 1929 as part of Roman Catholic Archbishop James Duhigs vision for the development of the Church in Queensland through the provision of affordable high quality Catholic education. It was the first Queensland school of the Marist Brothers&#39; order and has continued to provide a religious education to generations of boys over a 80 year period. The school developed into a regional college with the erection in 1949 of the Sacred Heart Memorial College, which provided for families in five adjoining parishes and other areas of the city. The school drew mostly from its local population in the suburbs of Paddington, Milton, Bardon, Red Hill and Petrie Terrace which was made up mainly of Anglo-Irish Catholic Australians, indigenous aboriginal people and waves of Catholic immigrants firstly Irish, followed later by Italians, Croatians, Polish and other post-World War II immigrants. More recent enrolments at the school have included smaller groups of Islander, South American and South-East Asian families.</p><br>
<p>The first major land sales in the Paddington area occurred in 1859, when large country lots were sold. The steep terrain hampered transport and tracks followed the ridgeline, so that it was along these narrow corridors that development initially occurred. Ithaca Shire was created in 1887, and by 1903 Paddington was a densely populated suburb of the Town of Ithaca. The tramway reached Latrobe Terrace in 1898, and Fernberg Road in 1909, which spurred development.</p><br>
<p>In 1898 the first Roman Catholic Church in Paddington, the Church of the Holy Rosary, was built on an elevated site on the western side of Given Terrace near Fernberg Road. The early Catholic community was very small and the Sisters of Mercy travelled from the All Hallows&#39; School at Fortitude Valley to teach catechism to the children. By 1907 the Roman Catholic community had grown considerably and a new timber church was built at the corner of Given Terrace and Fernberg Road next to the original church which was adapted for use as a school building. Continuing growth in the parish resulted in the construction of the presbytery on the opposite corner on Given Terrace in 1914, followed by the purchase of the Herbert Estate (the present Marist site) on Fernberg Road by Archbishop Duhig.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, the 1898 building from Given Terrace was moved onto the Herbert Estate for use by the Sisters of Mercy to teach the older girls and boys. The 1907 church was adapted for use as an infant school and a new brick masonry church designed by George Henry Male Addison was built next to it on the site of the original church. These works included the erection of brick walls along the street frontages of both properties giving them "an appearance of stability and permanence". The Sisters of Mercy, who had been travelling from All Hallows&#39; by tram to teach the children built their convent further north on Given Terrace at the same time.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s Rosalie was quickly developing as a "working mens parish", and its needs rapidly outstripped the services provided by existing schools. The Church was concerned with providing both secular and religious education and Duhig wanted to ensure that a high quality Catholic secondary education was available. The school population at Rosalie continued to grow and reached 300 students with 200 in the infant school, half of which were boys. With the Archbishops approval it was decided to seek the assistance of the Marist Brothers to teach the boys and two new buildings were to be erected: a school for the older girls and a residence for the brothers. Both buildings were designed by the newly formed firm of architects, GHM Addison and Son and HS MacDonald, and the builder of the monastery was Dan Gallogly.</p><br>
<p>George Frederick Addison studied in Brisbane and trained in the office of his father, George Henry Male Addison. After serving in World War I he became a partner in his father&#39;s practice which had been responsible for the design of many buildings for the Catholic Church. After GHM Addison died in 1922, GF Addison continued the practice before forming a partnership with Herbert Stanley MacDonald in 1928. Their other projects included the Syncarpia block of flats at New Farm (1934), the former Queensland National Bank at South Brisbane (1929), the Goondiwindi Civic Centre (1938), and a large number of hotel commissions (mostly renovations) for Castlemaine Perkins.</p><br>
<p>James Duhig was born in Ireland and arrived with his family in Brisbane in 1885. He was ordained a priest in 1896 and in 1905 became Bishop of Rockhampton, at the age of 32. In 1912, he became Archbishop Robert Dunne&#39;s Co-Adjutor, taking on much of his administrative duties. Duhig energetically promoted the growth of the Church in Queensland. To this end, he was intimately involved throughout his career with the planning and building of over one hundred churches and schools. The first Catholic Brisbane parishes were established at Coorparoo, Kangaroo Point, South Brisbane, Red Hill and Rosalie. Although Dunne had encouraged only the Sisters of Mercy and the Christian Brothers to establish branches of their orders in Queensland, Duhig was keen to encourage other religious orders to expand Catholic education in this State. He made approaches to several teaching orders including the Marist Brothers.</p><br>
<p>The Marist Brothers, an order originating in France and expanding to 33 countries throughout the world came as missionaries to the Pacific in 1857 before arriving in Sydney in 1872 to establish their first antipodean school at St Patrick&#39;s, Church Hill, followed by several others in inner Sydney. They opened schools in Victoria and South Australia and began negotiations in 1919 to open a school in Queensland. The Marist Brothers had been invited to Manly parish but found the premises unsuitable so Archbishop Duhig negotiated an agreement to establish a school and residence for the Brothers at Rosalie which was to be their 28th establishment in Australia. The arrival of the Marist Brothers was seen as "a red letter day" for Queensland where previously the Christian Brothers had a monopoly over the higher education of Catholic boys.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone of the Rosalie monastery was laid on 29 July 1928 by the Most Reverend Bartholomew Catteneo the Apostolic Delegate, Archbishop James Duhig, and parish priest, Dean W Lee with Br Reginald Moore, the Director of Lismore representing the Marist Brothers Provincial. The site chosen for the monastery was adjacent to the school building on Fernberg Road which was renovated and remodelled to accommodate the classes of boys that the brothers would teach. In December 1928 three Marist brothers arrived to open the Rosalie boys school which commenced on 28 January 1929 with an enrolment of 135. The official opening of both the monastery and the girls school, which was attached to the Convent of Mercy, by Archbishop James Duhig took place on 20 February 1929 by which time the enrolments at the boys school had increased to 175 with grades three, four and five offered. An article in the Telegraph dated January 29, 1929 reported:The monastery, which is an entirely new building is a fine structure designed to give the maximum of comfort and convenience. On the ground floor are a study room, dining room, reception room, kitchen and housekeepers flat in addition to a beautifully furnished chapel, equipped with an attractively finished alter, kneeling stands, brass candle sticks, sanctuary lamp etc. Upstairs are the sleeping quarters consisting of seven bedrooms, bathrooms and community rooms. On both floors wide verandahs run completely round the building and from these a commanding view is obtained, the monastery being situated at a high point. A feature of every room is the splendid ventilation and natural and artificial light. The furnishings and decoration are effective without being elaborate. The building appears to be faithfully built of weatherboard, brick and cement.In April 1929 the school was approved as a secondary school and by the end of that year five boys had won scholarships to the school and a few boarders had been taken in. The first secondary class of 1930 was accommodated upstairs in the monastery with six scholarship boys, some of the older boys, plus seven boarders. There were also 220 primary students. In 1935, a cottage was moved adjacent to the monastery from a site on Beck Street, and was remodelled and refitted for use as two classrooms and a boarders&#39; dormitory until 1948.</p><br>
<p>With enrolments at the schools increasing to 450 in the late 1930s, the construction of a new college building was planned. During 1937-1938 a design was prepared and tenders were called for a hip-roofed two-storeyed masonry building with basement to accommodate 400 students. The new building, which was to contain eight classrooms, two science laboratories, a gymnasium and sheltered playing area was designed by architects Cullen and Egan. The widespread economic depression of the early 1930s, followed by the impact of World War II from 1939 to 1945, and perhaps the imminent opening of a new Marist college at Ashgrove where all the Rosalie boarders and 120 day boys were transferred in 1940, caused the project to be delayed for many years.</p><br>
<p>Frank Lee Cullen, Archbishop Duhigs nephew, trained as an articled pupil with Hennessy, Hennessy and Co, first at Leo Drinans office in Brisbane in 1928 and then in Sydney between 1929 and 1932. Cullen returned briefly to the Brisbane office in 1933 before taking up a position with the Queensland Works Department as a draftsman. After completing his architectural education in 1934, Cullen worked with Harold Vivian Marsh Brown of Mackay before beginning his own practice in Brisbane in 1936. Cullen had several commissions that year for the Catholic Church, including a two storey boarding school at Murgon, a brick school at Yeronga, a church at Buranda, school hall at Graceville and a presbytery at Holland Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1937 Cullen formed a partnership with Desmond Egan who had also worked with Hennessy and Hennessy in the 1920s and 1930s. The partnership received a large number of commissions from the Catholic Church as well as designing numerous hotels, residences and commercial buildings. Following the death of Egan in 1941 Cullen continued his practice as FL Cullen with new projects including several school buildings similar to the Rosalie College for the Catholic Church: St Marys at Ipswich (1946); St Lukes at Buranda (1949); Our Lady Star of the Sea School at Gladstone (1950) and St Joseph&#39;s at Kangaroo Point (1951).</p><br>
<p>On 6 June 1948 the foundation stone for a new college building at Rosalie was laid by Archbishop Duhig at a large ceremony attended by 2,000 people including parishioners, Queensland Premier Ned Hanlon and Minister for Works and MLA for Baroona, William Joseph Power. Sixteen months later, another 2,000 people attended the opening of the school on 2 October 1949. In his address, Archbishop Duhig commended the Marist Brothers on "their struggle against adverse conditions in the matter of building and equipment". It had only been when the former 1898 church, which was the main portion of their school, threatened to collapse that they were able to get a permit from the Catholic Finance and Building Commission to build the new school, which Duhig described as a "finely, well-equipped modern building, outstanding in every respect". Duhig also praised the exemplary sacrifice that the pastor and the parish had made and "doubted if there had ever been a working man&#39;s parish in the history of Australia that had undertaken to build a school entailing the outlay of so large a sum of money".</p><br>
<p>The school, a memorial to fallen Maristonians (past students) of World War I and World War II, was constructed to a new design by Cullen and was built by KD Morris and Sons for £35,000. The three storey college was built of fire-resisting construction and contained eight large classrooms and two science laboratories. The lower ground floor incorporated a large assembly hall complete with stage, a sports store, tuckshop and lavatories. The principal&#39;s office was located on the ground floor opening off the main entrance vestibule as was the memorial library. The class rooms and science laboratories were complete with modern educational facilities and all class rooms were newly furnished with dual and single desks. An incinerator incorporated into the building served each of the floors and a public address system was installed to allow for the broadcasting of messages and programmes to all or any number of the classes. The design also provided for the later addition of an extra storey.</p><br>
<p>With the construction of the new college, the monastery became primarily a residence for the teaching brothers and continues in this function. It is also used as a meeting place for parents and students.</p><br>
<p>In 1970 Rosalie became an Archdiocesan College although it continued to be administered locally by the Marist Brothers. A Junior College was built on the north side of Fernberg Road behind the church for grades four to seven and was opened in 1971, but was phased out by 1980 due to the declining numbers in inner city parishes and the trend at the time for boys to stay at their local parish schools to complete their primary education. Its buildings and grounds became part of the Senior College.</p><br>
<p>Various other buildings and facilities were added to the grounds in the 1960s and 1970s, including a swimming pool (1965), science block (1969), library (1975) and enclosure of the basement of the college building to create a hall (1975). In 1977 a covered assembly and shelter area adjacent to the Senior block was erected.</p><br>
<p>All college buildings have been refurbished. The plaster ceilings in the monastery were replaced to match the original in recent years following water damage and ceiling repairs were carried out in the dining room. The three storey addition attached to the south-western end of the monastery verandah was built in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The school was controversially closed on 30 November 2008. In January 2009 the campus became the Lavalla Centre and is used by the Marist Brothers for teacher in-service training and retreats. The local Catholic parish organises youth activities on the site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Marist Brothers&#39; Monastery and Marist College, Rosalie are located within the inner western suburb of Paddington about three kilometres from the city of Brisbane. The north facing buildings are situated on Fernberg Road at the end of the Given Terrace ridge on a large elevated site that falls southward in a series of terraces to Beck Street and contains other structures, playing fields and sports facilities.</p><br>
<h3>Monastery</h3><br>
<p>Monastery Marist Brothers&#39; Monastery is sited above Fernberg Road, adjacent to the College on the westward downhill slope. The monastery is a symmetrical, two-storeyed timber building clad in chamferboards with encircling verandahs. It is elevated on a tuck-pointed glazed dark brown face-brick base formed in English bond which supports rough-cast rendered masonry verandah columns on three sides. The columns, with a dark brown brick soldier course below moulded capitals, support the hipped terracotta tiled roof which has a pitch break at the line of the verandah.</p><br>
<p>The northern (front) elevation comprises a central gabled pediment over the main entrance - a large round arched opening projecting forward on decorative corbels. The arch is surmounted by a celtic cross located in front of a solid masonry balustrade to the upper floor verandah. This central bay is flanked on each side by three verandah columns between which oversized timber handrails are supported on a large timber framed balustrade/valance with fibrous cement sheet infill panels to the upper floor and on a solid rendered masonry balustrade to the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The verandah detailing continues on the side elevations which comprise five bays. On the eastern elevation there is an opening to the garden at ground level in the central bay and the last bay in the southern corner on the first floor is enclosed with multi-pane sliding timber windows. On the western elevation, four bays on the upper floor verandah and three bays on the lower floor verandah have been enclosed with metal framed sliding windows. Door openings in the dark brick base provide access to the understorey.</p><br>
<p>The southern elevation has timber verandah posts supported on dark brick piers with an open balustrade supporting the oversized handrail to the ground floor and sliding multi-pane timber windows and fixed glazing to each of the upper floor bays. Timber battens line the understorey openings. The three storey rendered masonry addition built in the 1970s and attached by an enclosed walkway at the western end of the southern verandah has been detailed to match the existing building and houses a garage on the ground floor and bathrooms on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The recessed main entrance contains an entry door, detailed to resemble a celtic cross with a circular leadlight panel depicting the initials of the Society of Mary, set within sidelights and fanlights decorated with celtic patterned leadlight. The entrance foyer, with parquetry floor, decorative plaster ceiling and panelled walls with plaque rails, opens onto the reception room to the east and the study to the west. The stairwell is located opposite the entrance foyer and is separated from it by a hall that runs transversely between the two. The ground floor rooms are large and well-proportioned and have higher ceilings than the first floor rooms and fanlights over most doors. The chapel, containing original furniture, is located at the eastern end of the hall in the south-east corner, the recently refurbished kitchen is located in the south-west corner and the dining room in the north-west corner at the western end of the hall. The housekeeper&#39;s flat was attached at the rear of the house and no longer survives.</p><br>
<p>The upper floor has bedrooms and a communal room that open off the central hall and a wide sleeping verandah to the rear that has sliding glass windows in timber frames set in the upper half of the exterior wall.</p><br>
<p>Like the exterior, the interior is largely intact. All the rooms are lined with vertical v-jointed tongue and groove boards, the ceilings are moulded fibrous plaster and the joinery is generally clear finished silky oak with a lamb&#39;s tongue profile. Multi-pane French doors with obscure glazing open onto the verandahs from most of the rooms.</p><br>
<h3>College</h3><br>
<p>Marist College Marist College is large three-storeyed brick masonry building positioned prominently at the end of the ridge at the junction of Fernberg Road and Given Terrace at Rosalie. Situated on a sloping site, only the upper two storeys and windows of the ground floor are visible from Fernberg Road.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed of a light coloured brick in stretcher bond and the solid, monumental, asymmetrical massing of the exterior form follows its internal function. A wide L-shaped entrance stair toward the western end of the building is concealed from view from Fernberg Road by a large solid balustrade with concrete capping. This leads to the entrance foyer which is located asymmetrically within a volume that projects forward toward the street and above the adjacent western stairwell and north facing corridor that gives access to the rooms on all three levels. Each of the volumes has low pitched metal roofs which are drained by box gutters to rainwater heads and downpipes that are concealed behind the parapet walls.</p><br>
<p>The front elevation features a strong horizontal component created by continuous concrete hoods over five bays of hopper windows to the three floors. This horizontality is accentuated with the use of continuous concrete sills, parapet copings and cappings of similar profile. There is no additional embellishment except for a simple recessed crucifix form in brown face-brick at the eastern end of the front elevation and the more recent addition of a large crucifix set against a light coloured panel adjacent to the main entrance. Metal hoods to ventilation bricks, which occur at regular intervals on all floors, are a later addition.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern elevation, narrow fixed glazing provides natural light to the north-eastern stairwell and on the projecting eastern end of the classroom wing, six louvred windows to the ground floor and six double-hung windows to the first and second floors, under continuous concrete hoods, provide natural light and ventilation to the toilets and classrooms respectively. The bays of double-hung windows and concrete hoods to the first and second floors continue to four of the five bays on the southern elevation and on the ground floor there are double hung windows and a roller shutter to the counter of the tuckshop. Later doors have replaced the roller doors to the former hall and a large roofed open area has been constructed between the college building and the library to the south. A ground-level entrance on the western elevation provides access to the rear of the tuckshop and northern corridor. Hopper windows and narrow fixed glazing provide light and ventilation to the western stairwell where chutes to the incinerator are located on the half landings.</p><br>
<p>Like the exterior, the interior of the building is simple and functional in design and finish. The first and second floors contain five classrooms separated by masonry walls and the floors are suspended reinforced concrete. The classroom interiors were rendered and the face brick corridors are now painted. The entrance foyer located on the first floor has large glazed entrance doors, sidelights and fanlights of silky oak. It has a ventilated plaster ceiling decorated with simple mouldings and a fluted cornice detail. Alterations to this floor in 1997 were extensive and included the conversion of the classrooms into offices by the introduction of an additional hallway down the centre and length of the classroom room wing and timber framed partition walls. Three of the five classrooms doors and windows to the northern corridor have been bricked in.</p><br>
<p>The stairwells and the five classrooms and corridor on the second floor are largely intact. The ceilings are lined with fibrous cement sheeting and cover battens and the floors are carpeted. Pairs of doors and double hung windows in the northern walls of the classrooms that admit light and provide cross ventilation are intact. On the ground floor the volume of the hall survives although it has been adapted for other uses. The tuckshop has been refurbished.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Marist Brothers College Rosalie Buildings were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The monastery and college are important as evidence of the period of expansion of the Catholic Church in Queensland under the leadership of Archbishop James Duhig. The Marist Brothers Monastery and school for boys at Fernberg Road, Rosalie were opened in 1929 as part of Duhigs vision for the development of the Church in Queensland through the provision of affordable, high quality Catholic education.</p><br>
<p>The monastery and college occupy a prominent site in the inner western suburbs of Brisbane and are a manifestation of the Catholic ethos of selecting imposing sites to produce landmarks which is characteristic of buildings erected for the Church during the time of Archbishop Duhig.</p><br>
<p>Marist Brothers Monastery and Marist College Rosalie were the first Queensland residence and school of the Marist Brothers order, which has made a significant and influential contribution to the education, particularly secondary education, of Catholic boys in Queensland. At Rosalie, the Marist Brothers have continued to provide a religious education to generations of boys over an 80 year period. The school developed into a regional college with the erection in 1949 of the Sacred Heart Memorial College, funded largely by the endeavours of the local community.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The monastery is important as the first commission of the newly formed partnership of architects, GHM Addison and Son and HS MacDonald which continued the association of GHM Addison&#39;s practice with the Rosalie parish. The monastery is an excellent example of a residence purpose-built for the accommodation of a religious order. The building and some early furnishings including original chapel furniture remain intact and illustrative of its original and continued function as the home of the Marist Brothers with chapel, reception room, study, dining room and kitchen on the ground floor and bedrooms and communal room on the upper floor set on a hilltop adjacent to the school where the Brothers taught.</p><br>
<p>The college is a good representative example of the work of architect Frank Cullen, Archbishop Duhig&#39;s nephew, who was responsible for the design of many Catholic schools, churches, presbyteries and halls during the 1930s-1950s. Its simple yet functional design and solid monumental asymmetrical massing are typical of the style of school building that Cullen was designing in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Situated on the end of the ridge at the southern end of Given Terrace, Marist College has landmark quality for its solid, monumental asymmetrical composition that is visible from a number of viewpoints.</p><br>
<p>The monastery located adjacent to the school is also valued for its landmark qualities as a well composed and visually pleasing building on a prominent site. Additional aesthetic values are derived from the integrity of the buildings architectural qualities and workmanship both internally and externally including its generous planning and proportions and restrained yet effective detailing and finishes, its oversized verandah elements, its symmetrical planning, the proportions of its rooms, the detailing of its joinery.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The monastery have a special association for generations of Catholic families who have sent their sons to this school since 1929 and have been important for several generations of Catholics in the surrounding area as a source of spiritual, social and educational sustenance. Past and present pupils and teachers share a strong sense of attachment to the college, the construction of which was delayed due to the Second World War and which was dedicated as a memorial to past students who died during both World Wars.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The monastery and college have a strong, special and continuing association with the Marist Brothers, the order that founded the boys&#39; school at Rosalie in 1929 and for whom the monastery was purpose-built.</p><br>
<p>Mary Elizabeth Day Nursery, also known as Mary Elizabeth Day Care Center, is a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. This is the oldest child day care facility in the state of Iowa, and the states second-oldest preschool. The Sioux City Day Nursery was established in 1914 by the Wall Street Mission, a local settlement house operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church. They moved here in 1926, which is the first building designed as a day nursery in Iowa. The two-story brick Renaissance Revival building was designed by local architect Jurgen A. Raven, and built by The Lytle Company, a Sioux City construction firm. Parents were responsible for paying for at least part of their childrens care, but it was also subsidized by religious institutions, private associations, and individuals. During the Great Depression, both the federal and state governments began to fund and license child care. The Works Progress Administration was involved in the 1930s. A garage and playhouse designed by Sioux City architect Knute E. Westerlind was built in 1940, and it is part of the historic designation. The facility was renamed the Mary Elizabeth Day Care Center in 1990. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Florence Crittenton Home and Maternity Hospital, also known as Crittenton Center and the Samaritan Retirement Home, were historic buildings located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. The Sioux City Women and Babies Home Association was incorporated on October 21, 1897. They began negotiations to join the National Crittenton Foundation in 1903, and was incorporated as the Florence Crittenton Home of Sioux City on February 2, 1904. The purpose of the organization was to aid the "friendless, dependent women and girls, and may receive and dispose of babies of deceased fathers or mothers, or those abandoned by them, or those surrendered to this corporation by the order of any judge, court or officer, or legal guardian." It was the only Crittenton Home in Iowa. Their first order of business was to build the first part of this facility, which was completed in 1906. It was designed by the local architectural firm of Beach & Steele. Up to that time Sioux City had no maternity hospital, so the services provided by the home were found no where else in the city. The maternity hospital was built in 1913. Ralph Arnold served as the architect.</p><br>
<p>Services changed at the home as society changed. In the early years many of the young women kept their babies, but adoptions became more prominent by the mid-20th century. The maternity hospital closed in 1928, and Methodist Hospital acquired the building for a dormitory for nursing students. It was converted into the Samaritan Retirement Home in 1949. The Crittenton Center determined the 1906 building no longer served its needs, and they moved to a new facility in 1998. The facility was sold to a developer. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. and it has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>Sulitjelma  is a mountain massif on the Norway-Sweden border in the municipality of Fauske in Nordland, Norway and the municipality of Arjeplog in Norrbotten, Sweden. The massif lies east of the village of Sulitjelma, which takes its name from the mountain. The massif is bordered by Låmivatnet  and Muorkkejávrre  to the south, and by Bajep Sårjåsjávrre  and Vuolep Sårjåsjávrre  to the north. About two-thirds of the mountain is in Norway. The Langvann Valley extends toward the massif along a northwest-southeast axis, through which the Sjønstå River  flows, forming the Sulitjelma watercourse. The valley starts at the village of Sjønstå on Øvervatnet , which lies about 17 km east of the village of Sulitjelma itself.</p><br>
<p>The name Sulitjelma is derived from the original Sami name for the mountainous area. Sami place names describe the terrain, but the meaning of Sulitjelma is unknown. Over time, various suggestions have been proposed for its meaning, such as eye of the Sun, twilight threshold, divine gate, the eyes threshold, and festival mountain&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks and surrounding area</h2><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>Many parts of the Sulitjelma massif are covered by the Sulitjelma Glacier and Stuorrajekna (or Stuorrajiegŋa, both Sami names meaning big glacier). In the middle of the massif, on the Norwegian side of the border, the mountain Suliskongen stands above the glacier. It is the highest peak on the Sulitjelma massif, with an elevation of 1,908 m. The second-highest peak on the massif stands on the Swedish side of the border and is called Svenska Stortoppen ("Swedish big peak"). It is not marked by name or elevation on modern maps, but older sources indicate that it has an elevation of 1,869 m. Other prominent peaks are Norway&#39;s Stortoppen (1,822 m) to the west, Vágŋatjåhkkå (1,690 m) to the south, and Sårjåstjåhkkå (1,690 m) on the northern edge of the massif.</p><br>
<p>Border cairn (riksrøys) no. 239A marks the border between Norway and Sweden and stands on the ridge between Suliskongen and Svenska Stortoppen, at an elevation of 1,669 m.</p><br>
<h3>The first explorers</h3><br>
<p>The Langvann Valley is a fertile valley that cuts into the massif. However, the natural conditions of the valley make it difficult to access, and in earlier times few people other than Sami were familiar with this mountainous region. Aside from the Sami, the first people to explore the area were probably members of the boundary commission. In 1762, the commission was in the area and described the Sulitjelma massif as unable to be climbed.</p><br>
<h3>The first settlement and tourists</h3><br>
<p>It is believed that the first settler to cultivate the land at Langvatnet (Long Lake) was Anders Larsen from the Svartvassheia farm in Nord-Rana. He and his family had first settled for some years in at the Skaiti farm in Saltdal before moving north over the mountains to Sulitjelma in 1848. They initially settled below a cliff at Sandnes on Langvatnet and had some livestock there. In the course of a few years, as many as six newly cleared farms were set up along Langvatnet. The people made a living from livestock, forestry, hunting, and fishing. Firewood was floated down the Sjønstå River and transported further by rowboat to traders at Skjerstad Fjord, which provided income to the settlers. In 1875 about 50 people lived in Sulitjelma, and around that time mountain tourists started coming not only from Norway but also Sweden, England, Germany, the Netherlands, France, and the United States.</p><br>
<p>The court clerk and crown prosecutor Oscar Aanderud, who moved to Bodø in 1883, was one of the first Norwegians to frequently go hiking in Sulitjelma. His excursions took him to the recently cleared Fagerli farm, owned by Søren Larsen. For a time, this farm was a gathering point for hikers in Sulitjelma. Larsen had two sons that became popular mountain guides for tourists in the Sulitjelma mountains.The most popular peak was Vardetoppen (1,715 m). The Bodø Area Hiking Association made its own arrangements with the Fagerli farm on fixed rates for tours. Among other things, the rate in 1899 for a tour from Sulitjelma to Kvikkjokk in Sweden, a trip of over 90 km, was 30 kroner. This also included transporting luggage weighing up to 15 kg. The engineer Alfred Hasselbom at Sulitjelma Mines arranged for translations of descriptions of the area&#39;s mountain routes into English, German, French, and Spanish.</p><br>
<p>Due to mining by Sulitjelma Mines, many people moved to the town of Sulitjelma and they eventually developed a strong interest in pursuing outdoor activities in mountainous areas. Along with the opening of the Sulitjelma Line to serve the mines, communication in the area was significantly improved for visitors. The Sulitjelma Area Hiking Association was founded in 1937 and set up many lodges in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Göran Wahlenberg's survey</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 1807, Göran Wahlenberg, a Swedish naturalist and a professor at Uppsala University, carried out observations and surveys in Salten and on the Sulitjelma massif. Wahlenberg published his report in 1808, making the Sulitjelma massif the best-described mountainous area in Scandinavia. Carl Linnaeuss journey to Salten more or less followed Wahlenbergs earlier route, via Kvikkjokk to Virihaure and then to the north of today&#39;s Rago National Park and down to Leir Fjord in Sørfold. From the Sami, Wahlberg had heard that the easiest way to Sulitjelma passed through Vatenbygda above the lakes Nedrevatnet (Lower Lake) and Øvrevatnet (Upper Lake), and further through the narrow Langvann Valley to its end at Mount Ráhpes (Pite Sami: Ráhpesvarre), also known as Rupsi (934 m).</p><br>
<p>Several mountains in the Sulitjelma massif were measured by Wahlberg in the summer of 1807. Using a mercury barometer, he determined the elevation of Vágŋatjåhkkå, and from that he trigonometrically calculated the elevations of Suliskongen, Vardetoppen, and Stortoppen. These measurements made with simple instruments correspond closely to modern measurements.</p><br>
<p>A later researcher of the Sulitjelma massif was the German-Argentine botanist Paul Günther Lorentz (1835–1881). He traveled to Sulitjelma in August 1868, and he gave detailed descriptions of its botany, as well as the natural environment in general, the Sami, and how the people on the newly cleared farms in the Langvann Valley made a living. Lorentz was also interested in geology, but he probably did not discover any ore deposits during his short journey.</p><br>
<p>The William Hayden House is a historic house on Vermont Route 14 in southern Albany, Vermont. Built in 1854, it is a remarkably sophisticated example of Greek Revival architecture in brick for a small rural community. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William Hayden House stands on the west side of Vermont Route 14, between Wylie Hill Road and Route 14s crossing of the Rogers Branch of the Black River. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a side gable roof, end chimneys, and granite foundation. It is set back from the road, accessed by a semicircular drive, with a low granite wall paralleling the road. The driveway entrances are marked by carved stone posts, as is a pedestrian entrance at the center of the semicircle. The houses main block has a five-bay front facade, articulated by brick pilasters with granite capitals. Windows are rectangular sash, set in openings with granite sills and lintels. The window above the entrance is a three-section window, with narrow side windows in the Palladian style. The entrance is recessed in a rectangular granite-lined openings, with flanking sidelight windows and round columns, and a large transom window above. Below the roofline is a tall entablature, and an eave decorated with drop pendants. A single-story brick ell, reproducing one destroyed by fire, extends to the south, joining the house to a 20th-century garage.</p><br>
<p>William Hayden is said to have built the first frame house in what is now Albany, and it is where he raised a son, William, Jr., who went on to become a railroad construction magnate. In 1854 he had this house built by a local contractor, William Steele, using locally sourced bricks. Local lore has it that he had it built as a monument to himself, and "to show the fools in Albany what money could do". His only son&#39;s heirs squabbled over his estate, which passed out of the family in 1927. It became rundown in the mid-20th century, but underwent a major restoration in the late 1970s, which included a recreation (based on early photos) of the original ell.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Martin in North Stoke, Somerset, England dates from the 12th century and is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There is evidence of a church on the site from 360, with that church being built on the site of an earlier Roman temple.</p><br>
<p>The fabric of the current building started in the 12th century and the two-stage west tower dates from that era. Much of the rest of the building is from the 13th to 16th centuries. Major restoration in the 19th century repaired or replaced much of the fabric. Restoration work in 2012 included rewiring and repairs to the roof.</p><br>
<p>The parish of North Stoke is part of the benefice of Weston, North Stoke and Langridge.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the tower there is a nave and chancel with a south porch. There are also monuments from the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>In the churchyard is an ancient yew tree.</p><br>
<p>Dromore Castle is a tower house and National Monument located between the towns of Crusheen and Corofin in County Clare, Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Today, it is administered by the National Parks and Wildlife Service as part of the Dromore Wood Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Dromore Castle is located on a peninsula in the northern part of Dromore Lake, 1.8 km (1.1 mi) east of Ruan. It lies within the Nature Preserve of Dromore Wood.</p><br>
<p>Dromore townland lies between the towns of Crusheen and Corofin, west of the M18 motorway and north of Ennis.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dromore Castle was probably constructed in the early 16th century. In the 17th century, Teige OBrien of the OBrien clan repaired and expanded it. The castle and lands of Dromore had been granted to Teiges father, Connor (Third Earl of Thomond), in 1579. Dermot, son of Teige, was an important protagonist in the Confederate Wars and participated in the Siege of Ballyalla Castle (Ennis). The last OBrien at the castle was Conor, who left in 1689. The castle fell into ruin in the 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The castle is four storeys high with a vault over the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>There is a wide circular staircase to the right of the main door, a small guardroom to the left and a stone fireplace in the left-hand chamber of the first floor.</p><br>
<p>There is a circular shot hole cut into the stairs between the first and second floors. The roof houses a chemin de ronde around the gables, a high rectangular chimney crowned with twin lozenge-shaped flues and corbels which once supported a corner bartizan.</p><br>
<p>The inscription over the door reads: "This castle was built by Teige, second sone to Connor, third Earle of Thomond and by Slany Brien wife to the said Teige Anno ".</p><br>
<p>Leeds Junior High School was a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. High school education in the city dates from 1867, and the first dedicated high school building was completed in 1893. Other schools were built as the district and the city continued to grow. Leeds Junior-Senior High School was built to educate students on the far northeast corner of the city. It was financed by a combination of a local bond referendum and funds from the Public Works Administration. The two story brick building was completed in 1939 in the Art Deco style. Eventually newer high schools and junior high schools were built on the north side of Sioux City, and the building became an elementary school. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Charles City College Hall, also known as Old Main, North Hall and Conservatory Hall, is a historic building located on the campus of Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Business leaders in the community established the University of the Northwest in 1889 to provide educational, cultural and economic growth in the city. Completed in 1890, this is the first building constructed for the college and it housed all of the school&#39;s functions. The exterior of the Richardsonian Romanesque structure is composed of quartzite. Local architect Charles P. Brown designed the building and John M. Poorbaugh was the contractor. By 1894 the university became a victim of the Panic of 1893, and the property was taken over by the Methodist Episcopal Church who incorporated Morningside College the same year.</p><br>
<p>Another building was built on campus in 1890 and this building became the music conservatory, which enhanced the cultural life of the community through its educational offerings and the concerts that were held here.</p><br>
<p>McIndoes Academy is a historic school building on Main Street  in the McIndoe Falls village of Barnet, Vermont. Built in 1853, it is a prominent local example of Greek Revival architecture, serving as a local high school until 1969. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former McIndoes Academy building stands in the Connecticut River village of McIndoe Falls, on the east side of US 5. It is set back from the road at the back of a broad green, and is accessed via Academy Lane, which loops around the green. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. A square belfry topped by a cupola rises at the center of the roof, and a gabled four-column porch projects from the center of the front facade. The eaves of the main roof and projecting gable are adorned with paired brackets in the Italianate style. The main entrance is at the center of the front facade, flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a gabled pediment.</p><br>
<p>The academy was established in 1853, during a period in state history when a number of private academies were established. This one was created by a local citizens&#39; group and funded by subscription, and in part by in-kind donations of supplies and labor. Its construction was overseen by William Martin, a local master carpenter. It served the community as its main secondary school until 1969, and has since served in a variety of public uses, including as a library and museum.</p><br>
<p>The Court in Stanton Drew, Somerset, England dates from 1753 and is a Grade II* listed building. It is now used as a nursing home.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1753 and incorporated some features from a previous building. It underwent significant remodelling in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The limestone front of the three-storey building has five bays. The central doorway has doric pilasters supporting a segmental pediment.</p><br>
<p>The 2 acre of grounds include mature tress and herbaceaous borders. There is also a vegetable garden and fruit trees. It is opened for the National Gardens Scheme.</p><br>
<h2>Nursing Home</h2><br>
<p>The building has been converted into a nursing home. It was inspected by the Care Quality Commission in November 2015 and rated as requiring improvement.</p><br>
<p>Cariad Lake is a small lake in Cochrane District and Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the James Bay drainage basin and is the source of Tomwool Creek. The nearest community is Bourkes, 11.5 km to the east northeast.</p><br>
<p>Almost the entire lake is in geographic Black Township in the municipality of Black River-Matheson, Cochrane District; only a tiny sliver of southwest of the lake is in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District.</p><br>
<p>The lake is about 880 m long and 300 m wide. It has one unnamed island at the northwest. There is one unnamed inflow at the west. The primary outflow, at the southeast, is Tomwool Creek, which heads south to Verona Lake. Tomwwool Creek flows via Sarsfield Creek, Meyers Lake, Woollings Creek, the Whiteclay River, the Black River, the Abitibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.</p><br>
<p>Cross Inneenboy  or the Roughan Hill Tau Cross is a stone tau cross and National Monument located in County Clare, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Cross Inneenboy formerly stood on a large boulder on Roughan Hill, 2 km (1¼ mile) northwest of Kilnaboy; but was later moved several times for safe-keeping, lastly to Clare Heritage & Genealogy Centre in Corofin, where it is now located. A replica has been erected at the original site near the road between Kilnaboy and Leamaneh Castle.</p><br>
<h2>History and theories</h2><br>
<p>The cross was likely erected in the 12th century and served as an ecclesiastical boundary marker (termonn). Reportedly, it was one of three similar structures, but it is the only one whose whereabouts are known today.</p><br>
<p>Kilnaboy takes its name from the Irish Cill Iníne Baoith, "Church of Baoths daughter&quot the cross is therefore the "Cross of Baoths daughter." Saint Inneenboy was the patron saint of the Dál gCais.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, Adolf Mahr, Keeper of Irish Antiquities and Director of the National Museum of Ireland, published a theory that associated the cross with the Celtic double-heads from Roquepertuse, France. In 1940, Joseph Raftery supported this theory, counting the Kilnaboy cross in the same category of La Tène sculptures. Etienne Rynne, however, in an article on the Tau Cross in 1967, compared the craft style of the two carved heads with other works nearby – the immediate area offering three other examples of tau-croziers. He thus showed that the cross was in fact likely a boundary mark of the Romanesque period (12th century) and not a pagan idol of the early Iron Age.</p><br>
<p>The tau cross has also been associated with Saint Anthony the Great, one of the founders of Christian monasticism. There are only eight other similar crosses in Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Tau crosses feature at several other locations in The Burren, including a carving on the Doorty Cross in Kilfenora. The Kilnaboy cross has been associated in folklore with a reconciliation between the OBrien and OQuin families after a feud, but that has been dismissed by antiquarians.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cross is carved from a single block of limestone and on the top of each arm are two heads with two joined hands between them.</p><br>
<p>Meyers Lake is a lake in Cochrane District and Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the James Bay drainage basin and the nearest community is Bourkes, 4.6 km to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The northern quarter of the lake is in geographic Black Township in the municipality of Black River-Matheson, Cochrane District; the rest of the lake is in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District.</p><br>
<p>The lake is about 1.91 km long and 1.77 km wide. It has three small, unnamed islands. The primary inflows are Sarsfield Creek at the west; Woollings Creek at northwest; and Benoit Creek at the northeast. There is one unnamed secondary inflow at the north. The primary outflow, at the east, is also Woollings Creek, which heads southeast to its mouth at Swan Lake. The latter lake empties via the Whiteclay River, the Black River, the Abitibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.</p><br>
<p>Swan Lake is a lake in geographic Lee Township and geographic Maisonville Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the James Bay drainage basin and the nearest community is Sesekinika, 4.9 km to the northeast. Swan Lake is the location of the mouth of Woollings Creek and is the source of the Whiteclay River.</p><br>
<p>The western third of the lake is in Lee Township; the rest of the lake is in Maisonville Township.</p><br>
<p>The lake is about 1.7 km long and 1.3 km wide. The primary inflow is Woollings Creek arriving from Meyers Lake at north; there are two unnamed secondary inflows at the northwest and a third at the west. The primary outflow, at the east, is the Whiteclay River, which flows via the Black River, the Abitibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.</p><br>
<p>There is a private campsite/RV park suitable for recreational vehicles on the east side of the lake, accessible directly from Ontario Highway 11 just to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Dunleith and Dubuque Bridge, also known as the White Water Creek Bridge and the Bergfeld Recreation Area Bridge, is a historic structure located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. This span was part of a seven-span approach to one of the first bridges constructed over the Mississippi River. It was part of a railroad bridge that connected Dubuque with Dunleith, Illinois, now known as East Dubuque. The bridge was fabricated by the Keystone Bridge Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Andrew Carnegie himself traveled to Dubuque to advocate for his company to build the bridge. It was erected by Reynolds, Saulpaugh and Company of Rock Island, Illinois. The approach, of which this iron truss was a part, was completed in 1872. It was used by the Illinois Central and other railroads.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 19th century the bridge was no longer strong enough to carry the heavier trains then in use, and it was replaced. Dubuque County acquired two of the approach spans, including this one, in 1890. One was placed over the Cloie Branch of the Maquoketa River near Sageville. This one was placed over White Water Creek east of Cascade. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was relisted as the Dunleith and Dubuque Bridge the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Western Hotel, also known as the Pin Oak Tavern, is a historic building located southeast of Holy Cross, Iowa, United States. John H. Floyd settled in Dubuque County in the early 1830s. He was appointed postmaster in the 1840s, and he had this building built for his home and as the Pin Oak Post Office. It is a rare example of a frame saltbox-style building in Iowa. Its foundation is of undressed native limestone. The house was located along a popular route to and from the city of Dubuque and it became known as hospitable place for good food, drink, and rest. It was called the Western Hotel for a time because they had acquired a sign from a same-named place in Dubuque. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Gournay Court in the parish of West Harptree, Somerset, is a country house built circa 1600. The house, along with the manor of West Harptree, was owned by the Duchy of Cornwall. During World War I it became a hospital. In 1928 it was bought by Sir Edward Geoffrey Hippisley-Cox. It is now the residence of the local Member of Parliament Jacob Rees-Mogg and his family.</p><br>
<p>The house is built of red sandstone and, along with a barn in the grounds and its gates and railings is now a listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1600 by Francis Buckland, opposite the Church of St Mary, and extended in 1650 by his son John Buckland MP, who married Elizabeth Phelips of Montacute House. It was inherited by John Buckland&#39;s daughter. She died without children and the house and surrounding manor was then owned by the Duchy of Cornwall from the end of the 17th century until the early 20th century. During this time it was leased as a farmhouse.</p><br>
<p>The main house was restored and extended on the instructions of the future King George V, while he was its owner as Duke of Cornwall, with a view to becoming the home of his epileptic younger brother Prince John, but he died before moving in.</p><br>
<p>In 1928 the new Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII) sold the house to Sir Edward Geoffrey Hippisley-Cox, who had occupied it as a tenant of the Duchy of Cornwall since 1913. Hippisley-Cox continued the restoration of the building and added a collection of antique and reproduction furniture which were contemporary with the house. In 1935 he had the small narrow passageway behind the front door made into part of the hall. He also laid out the grounds. The house is now the residence of Jacob Rees-Mogg, the Member of Parliament for North East Somerset, whose great-aunt served as a nurse at the house during the First World War. In 1964 his father William Rees-Mogg purchased the nearby Georgian mansion house Ston Easton Park, built by John Hippisley-Coxe (died 1769), a relative of his ancestress Dorothy Hippisley, the wife of John Mogg (d.1728) of nearby Farrington Gurney, whose son Richard Mogg (1690-1729) of nearby Chewton Mendip, purchased Cholwell, subsequently the prinipal seat of the Mogg family.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built of red sandstone with Bath stone dressings and has a slate roof with Dutch gables. The two-storey north front has seven bays and a central porch with a balcony above it and Doric columns. An internal staircase rises from the east end of the inner hall to the first floor and has decorated covered urns as finials and pendants on the newel posts. The balusters form an arcade in Jacobean fashion. There are several decorated plaster ceilings and original fireplaces. The arms of the Buckland and Phelips families are carved on the outer porch and their crests on the inner porchway arch.</p><br>
<p>The sandstone barn within the grounds was built in the late 17th century. The 1.5 m high gate piers were added in the 17th century. The entrance gates and railings were added between 1910 and 1913.</p><br>
<p>Burton, 16–18 High Street, Abergavenny is a shop constructed for the Burtons tailoring company in 1937. The design, by Burtons in-house architect, Nathaniel Martin, is Art Deco in style. The building is listed Grade II* for its "exceptional interest and rarity as a well preserved Burton&#39;s store which retains almost all of its 1930s external detailing."</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Burton clothing company was founded by Sir Montague Maurice Burton in 1903. Originally named the Cross-Tailoring Company, the business grew to become the worlds largest tailoring company by Burtons death in 1952. the stores were constructed in an Art Deco style, "the uncompromising moderne of the Burton house style (being) used in every store in the land."</p><br>
<p>The building on High Street, Abergavenny is of two storeys with wide glass elevations to both the Market Street and High Street frontages. A foundation stone records; "This stone laid by Raymond Montague Burton 1937."</p><br>
<p>The store has an exterior that is almost unchanged since its construction in 1937 and, as such, it represents a rare survival of a commercial style that was once common through the United Kingdom. The building has a Grade II* listing in acknowledgement of this rarity. Its Cadw listing describes it as "a classic Burton store with all the characteristic design features which used to be displayed in every British town and have now gone almost completely".</p><br>
<p>Freshford Manor is an early 18th century house in Freshford, Somerset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The two-storey Cotswold stone house, designed by Thomas Greenway, was built on the site of a previous house. A new wing at the rear of the house was built in the early 19th century and the north wing was added in the 1880s. By the 1950s the house and garden were derelict and under threat of demolition; however, it was bought and restored.</p><br>
<p>One of the owners was William Francis Patrick Napier who wrote part of his History of the Peninsular War at a stone table in the garden of the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the early 18th century and revised and extended in the late 18th or early 19th century. It was built on the site of an earlier house known as Pittes Place which dated from before 1603. The site was bought by Robert Hayward who employed the architect Thomas Greenway, who had designed several buildings in Bath to design the new building, which was known as Freshford House.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, while owned by Thomas Joyce, John Pinch the elder was employed to raise the central block and add a new wing at the rear. In 1886 the house was bought by Thomas Player Isaac who was a local architect. He added the north wing and a conservatory. He sold the house to Percival Huth, the son of Charles Frederick Huth. The Huth family lived in the manor house until 1918 when they sold it to Edward and Sarah Hett. After their deaths it was sold in a derelict condition to Herbert Doel in the 1950s who wanted to demolish it and build bungalows, however it was saved and restored. Much of the restoration was led by an American, Dallas Pratt (August 21, 1914 – May 20, 1994) and a Briton, John Judkyn (1913 – July 27, 1963) who together went on to found the American Museum in Britain.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 an Archimedes&#39; screw was installed in the River Frome to generate electricity for local houses.</p><br>
<p>A Great Western Railway (GWR) 7800 Class or Manor Class 4-6-0 steam locomotive (number 7813) was named after Freshford Manor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-storey building is built in ashlar Cotswold stone, with a slate roof behind a parapet. The five bay front has a projecting porch with Tuscan columns, around the central doorway.</p><br>
<p>Around 30 yd from the house is a stone table approximately 12 ft long and 6 ft wide. It is known as "Sir William Napier&#39;s Table" as William Francis Patrick Napier wrote part of his History of the Peninsular War sitting at the table.</p><br>
<p>Within the grounds are magnolias dating from the 19th century. The boundary wall and gatepiers were added in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>Allt-y-Bela, Llangwm, Monmouthshire, is a house of late medieval origin with additions from the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries. During the early seventeenth century, it was owned by Roger Edwards, a wealthy Midlands merchant and the founder of Usk Grammar School. Edwards made significant alterations in the Renaissance style to the medieval cruck house. By the twentieth century, the house was in ruins until restored by the Spitalfields Historic Buildings Trust in the early twenty-first century. Now owned by the garden designer Arne Maynard, the house is a Grade II* listed building recognising its significance as an "exceptionally important sub-medieval house with ambitious early renaissance additions."</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the late-medieval period, the first datable reference being an "ovolo-moulded mullion window of 1599." This period also saw the construction of the three-storeyed parlour tower. This building was undertaken by Roger Edwards, a cloth merchant from the Midlands, who founded the grammar school at Usk. This phase of construction was investigated by Sir Cyril Fox and Lord Raglan in their multi-volume study Monmouthshire Houses. Fox and Raglan described the architectural style employed as Renaissance, identifying it as a significant development in Monmouthshire vernacular architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Monmouthshire author and artist, Fred Hando, visited the house in the early 1950s and described it is his book Journeys in Gwent. Although, in 1951, the house was still habitable, Hando wrote presciently of its coming fate; "Here are ominous signs that unless immediate and drastic action is taken, we shall lose priceless relics." By end of the twentieth century, the house was in a state of advanced decay with the parlour tower having almost completely collapsed. After a large-scale restoration project, jointly funded by the Trust and by Cadw, the fully restored building was sold to the landscape designer Arne Maynard in 2006. It now operates as a bed and breakfast and can also be rented in its entirety.</p><br>
<p>Epworth School, also known as the Epworth Elementary School, was a historic building located in Epworth, Iowa, United States. The Iowa Legislature required a high school education for all students in 1911. The school districts that did not have a high school were required the pay their student&#39;s tuition in a district that did. This building was a result of that legislation. Architecturally, the building was a transitional structure between the more decorative styles of the late 19th century and the less ornate styles of the 20th century. Independence, Iowa architect Harry E. Netcott designed the combination Colonial Revival/Romanesque Revival building, and John G. Miller was the contractor. Built in 1917, classes were first held here in January 1918. It initially housed all grades until 1962 when it was converted into an elementary school. After the local school district had built a new building, its last day as a school was May 30, 2003. The City of Epworth acquired the building and the Epworth Community Historical Society occupied the building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Because of maintenance issues the city decided to take down the building in 2011. The property is now occupied by Tower Park.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Building, also known as Dyersville City Hall, is a historic building located in Dyersville, Iowa, United States. When this structure was completed in 1929 it housed the following functions: police department, fire department, municipal offices, post office, library, community hall, and gymnasium. It replaced the 1893 city hall at the same location that housed all those functions except the library and gymnasium. Its function as a veteran&#39;s memorial was overseen by the American Legion, which also was initially located here. The Legion, fire station and post office have subsequently relocated to other facilities. The previous city hall had been damaged in a fire in 1928. The Waterloo, Iowa architectural firm of Ralston and Ralston designed the two-story brick Colonial Revival style building to replace it. Raymond Klass of Louisburg, Wisconsin was the contractor who built the new structure. The building was completed on December 12, 1929 for just over $40,000. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Burton Farmers Gin is a 2- and 3-story cotton gin house located close to the commercial district of Burton, Texas. It has also been known as Burton Farmers Gin Association&#39;s Site No. 3. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>There were 4300 gins in Texas in 1912, according to a Texas Almanac. In the early 20th century, small towns in Washington County, Texas reportedly could support one or two gins. Location next to a railroad or close to cotton production was essential. Burton Farmers Gin was one of four gins that operated in Burton; two ceased operations by the 1910s and the Bauer Gin operated until 1948; these others are all gone. This gin was established by a group of farmers who formed the Burton Farmers Gin Association in 1913. Built in 1914, the gin has gone through numerous alteration and additions. The gin has a 125-HP Bessemer engine, which replaced the original steam engine in 1926. The gin ceased operations in 1974 but its equipment remained in place, and it was in "magnificent" condition. As of 1991, the only other surviving gin was a brick ginhouse in Brenham, Texas.</p><br>
<p>Haberkorn House and Farmstead is a historic farm located west of Sherrill, Iowa, United States. The farmstead features a good example of a vernacular house type that is found only in northeast Iowa within the state. Its more prominent in around the village of St. Donatus in Jackson County. The basic features of the house are rockfaced limestone construction, a jerkinhead gable roof, a rectangular plan, and two or more stories in height. This 2½-story structure differs a little in that it has a front gable rather than a side gable, and it is a little larger than the others. These houses were built by immigrants who came here from Luxembourg and southern Germany. Adam Haberkorn and his son George built this house in 1870, and were natives of Bavaria. The family operated a small brewery and the front room of this house became a local tavern, and a polling place in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The farmstead also includes a barn, corn crib, granary, machine shed, grain bins, goat shed and chicken house. There is a stone oven in the bluff where Eve Haberkorn baked the bread that she sold. A brewery cellar is also located inside a natural cave in the bluff. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Masterson House is located in Marion County, Missouri and was first built around 1830 by Robert Masterson. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Robert Masterson House is a significant regional example of an early Georgian cottage floor plan rare in Missouri. The house is constructed of native limestone and faces roughly East from a rolling upland near an ever-flowing spring. It is located some three miles west of the Mississippi River bottom and five miles northwest of Hannibal, Missouri, several miles southeast of Palmyra, Missouri. Most of the original structure and interior woodwork still exist. The dwelling is two rooms deep and consists of a file of two rooms on either side of a central hallway, with four small attic rooms separated by a hall above. Robert Masterson (1791-1864), a veteran of the War of 1812 and the builder of the house, played an important role in the early settlement of the area. The Masterson house is likely the oldest surviving dwelling in Marion County and one of the oldest in Northeast Missouri.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>The Robert Masterson House was restored in the 1990&#39;s and is currently privately owned.</p><br>
<p>The Morency Paint Shop and Apartment Building is a historic mixed-use building at 77-79 Portland Street on the east side of St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Built in 1890 by a carriage painter, it is a good example of Victorian vernacular mixed commercial and residential architecture. Now completely in residential use, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Morency Paint Shop and Apartment Building stands on the south side of Portland Street (United States Route 2), a mixed residential-commercial area east of downtown St. Johnsbury. It is a rambling 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a cross-gable roof on the main section, and a series of extensions to the rear that bend around form an L shape. The exterior is finished in wooden clapboards, and it rests on a foundation of brick faced in concrete. A two-story porch extends across the front facade, with Victorian bracketed turned posts and turned balustrades. At the corner of the L there is also a two-story porch, with simpler styling. This section joins the main block to a former carriage house that has been converted to residential use. The interior is divided into apartments, some of which retain woodwork dating to the original construction, or to the early 20th century, when more of the building was converted from its commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The building was erected in 1890 by John Morency, and in its original layout it had his carriage painting business on the ground floor of the main block, residential units above, and the carriage barn at the back. The residential units were occupied by members of the extended Morency family, who were French Canadian immigrants. By 1905 the paint shop had been reduced to half of the main block ground floor. The property was foreclosed by the bank in 1915, and was eventually repurchased by Morency family members in 1929. It then remained in the family until 1963.</p><br>
<p>68 Highland Avenue is a historic apartment building in the city of Newport, Vermont. Built about 1919, it is a well-preserved example of typical Vermont multi-unit housing of the period, retaining a number of distinctive Colonial Revival features, including pressed-metal siding. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Highland Avenue (Vermont Route 105) is a major secondary road leading from the center of Newport to the rural communities to its west. Number 68 is located at the northwest corner of Highland with West End Avenue, in a residential area west of the downtown. It is a three-story wood frame structure, set on a steeply sloping lot that fully exposes most of the basement level on three sides. It is covered by a flat roof, and is finished in original pressed metal siding. The street-facing front facade has a false-front corniced parapet that exaggerates the building&#39;s height. The front facade is three bays wide, with windows occupying all of the bays except the rightmost ground floor bay, which houses the building entrance. The rightmost bays form the fronts of an enclosed three-story porch and stairhouse, its openings enclosed in bands of sash windows, with skirting of wooden clapboards between the levels. The interior retains original woodwork and finishes.</p><br>
<p>The construction of 68 Highland Avenue was prompted by demand for worker housing at the Newports growing industries in the early 20th century. The area where it stands was at the time a working-class residential area, and its early occupants were generally employed in Newports industries. The building has had a succession of private owners. The pressed metal exterior, which was fairly common in these sorts of uses in the period, is a rare surviving original.</p><br>
<p>Holes Bay is an intertidal embayment off Poole Harbour in the county of Dorset on the south coast of England. It lies mostly within the Borough of Poole and is close to Poole town centre. It is an important wetland bird haven.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Holes Bay lies on the south coast of England within the Borough of Poole, apart from its northwestern shore which is part of Upton. The bay drains the heathlands around Creekmoor and is bounded in the east by Sterte and Stanley Green, in the north by Creekmoor, in the northwest by Upton, in the west and southwest by Hamworthy and in the southeast by the Old Town area of Poole.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Holes Bay is a tidal inland lake which lies to the north of Poole Harbour. It is a designated harbour quiet area. The exit to the bay is a narrow gat between Lower Hamworthy and Poole Old Town, and runs past the RNLI lifeboat station and part of Poole Quay before entering Poole Harbour itself. Spanning the inlet are two bridges: Poole Bridge and the newer Twin Sails Bridge, opened in 2012. Access to Holes Bay for vessels with a draft greater than 2 m is only possible when the bridges are lifted, which occurs at several fixed times daily and sometimes on request. The new bridge is intended to help reduce traffic jams by ensuring at least one bridge is open to vehicular traffic at any one time.</p><br>
<p>The northern part of the bay is crossed from west to east by the South West Main Line from London to Weymouth, and Poole railway station is less than one hundred metres from the southeastern corner of the bay. The A350 hugs the eastern shore and the A35 swings past its northern shore. In the northwest is Upton Country Park and Upton House, a public facility owned by the Borough of Poole. There is a marina on the western shore, south of the railway line.</p><br>
<p>There is a wooded islet, Pergins Island in the north of the bay which is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Holes Bay is the location of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) training school, attached to their Poole headquarters. Uses of the bay include fishing, kayaking and small leisure craft. A large marina known as Cobbs Quay is on the west side of the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The bay has a small tidal range of 0.6 m at neap tides and 1.8 m at spring tides, and a double high water. Maximum monthly temperatures range from an average of 8 &deg;C in January to 27 &deg;C in August; minimums range from 3 &deg;C to 16 &deg;C. Ground temperatures on the mudflats can fall below freezing in winter. The prevailing winds are from the west or southwest, but sea breezes can also blow in from the south and southeast.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Holes Bay is home to numerous wetland bird species including avocet, black-tailed godwit, curlew, kingfisher, little egret, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, redshank, spoonbill, teal and widgeon.</p><br>
<p>The bay is used for fishing. Species that occur here include bass, mullet, flounder, corkwing wrasse and gobies. Marine invertebrates such as king ragworm, clams and cockles are also numerous.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>The mudflats of Holes Bay were rapidly colonized by cordgrass during the 20th century, covering 63% of the intertidal zone between 1901 and 1924, before receding again between 1924 and 1980 due to erosion and die-back.</p><br>
<p>Its vegetation includes woodland wild flowers, saltmarsh plants and grassland species including orchids.</p><br>
<h2>Nature park</h2><br>
<p>In 2015, Poole Borough Council, the Dorset Wildlife Trust and other interested parties established the Holes Bay Nature Park to bring local people closer to nature and to ensure the habitat is managed for the benefit of the great variety of wildlife found within it.</p><br>
<p>Mid-Town Historic District is a national historic district located at Springfield, Greene County, Missouri. The district encompasses 455 contributing buildings, 8 contributing structures, and 7 contributing objects in a predominantly residential section of Springfield. The district developed between about 1871 and 1952, and includes representative examples of Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Bentley House and Stone Chapel. Other notable buildings include buildings on the Drury College campus, Central Christian Church , St. Johns Episcopal Church , Mary S. Boyd School , and Trinity Lutheran Church .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 with a boundary increase in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Springfield Public Square Historic District is a national historic district located at Springfield, Greene County, Missouri. The district encompasses 27 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 1 contributing structure, and 2 contributing objects in the central business district of Springfield. The district developed between about 1890 and 1959, and includes representative examples of commercial architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Franklin Springfield Motor Co. Building, Gillioz Theatre, Heer&#39;s Department Store, Netter-Ulman Building, and Marx-Hurlburt Building. Other notable resources include the Landers Building , F. W. Woolworth Co. , J. J. Newberry Co. , S. S. Kresge Co. , Springfield Cigar Company , Stancill Drug Store , National Shirt Co , Salvation Army , Public Square , Queen City Bank , Frisco Office Building , and Cantrell Building .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 with a boundary increase in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Grallagh Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Tipperary, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Grallagh Castle is located 2.5 km (1½ miles) south of the Horse and Jockey, beside a bridge on a tributary of the River Suir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Grallagh Castle dates from the late 15th or early 16th century and was associated with the Butler dynasty. James Butler, 10th Baron of Dunboyne, willed the castle to his son Peter in 1533. In the 18th century it belonged to the Mansergh family. It is now owned by the Office of Public Works.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The four storey tower with steep batter stands partially ruined and surrounded by the remains of a bawn, with 30 m (100 ft) of wall remaining.</p><br>
<p>There are bartizans in the NE and SW corners. There is a doorway in the west wall with a possible murder hole</p><br>
<p>The ground floor contains arrowslits and a barrel vaulted ceiling. A mural stairway gives access to the upper floors. There are some two-light windows with window-seats, and slopstones. There is a fireplace and garderobe on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Allen House is a historic building located in Dyersville, Iowa, United States. T.F. Allen was a land speculator and developer who had this house built in 1857, which was the peak year for building in Dyersville. That year the town was the terminus of the Dubuque and Pacific Railway. Thirty houses were built in the town that year, and others were under contract. Within a year, the railroad had expanded further west, and the town was in an economic depression exacerbated by the Panic of 1857. There is no mention of Allen or his family in Dyersville in the 1860 United States Census.</p><br>
<p>The two-story brick house exhibits elements of both the Italianate and Federal styles. It features a low-pitched hip roof, broad eaves without brackets, Federal influenced metal lintels on each window, a transom above the main doorway, and nearly full-sized front porch with heavy square wood posts. A two-story wing was added onto the back in the early 20th-century, and a carriage house was built about the same time. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Sauser–Lane House is a historic building located in Cascade, Iowa, United States. Michael H. Sauser had been an area farmer and owned a Cascade lumber business when he built this house in 1908. It is the only known example of the Grand Rapids, Michigan mail order architectural firm of Jacob H. Daverman and Son in Iowa. Sauser lived here until his death, and it was bought by John Thomas Lane in 1926. As of 1983 it was still owned by his descendants. The 2½-story frame house is a combination of Neoclassical and a restrained version of the Queen Anne style known as Edwardian. The Edwardian influence is found in its asymmetrical massing, roof lines, bay windows, wraparound porch, gable ornamentation, roof cresting, and the leaded glass in the upper sash of the front windows. The Neoclassical influence is found in the window trim, cornice returns, and the Doric porch columns. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Sherrill Mount House, also known as the Fries Hotel, Moundside Apartments, and The Inn at Sherrill, is a historic building located in Sherrill, Iowa, United States. This is one of the few surviving pre-Civil War hotels left in Iowa, and one of the largest early stone structures remaining in rural Dubuque County. The three-story building is composed of native limestone with a cupola on top of the hip roof. It was built along a stagecoach route that traveled along the Mississippi River. At one time it was situated on a 40 acre plot of land on which were several out buildings for an agricultural operation that included an orchard and vineyard. The building also served the community as a post office and meeting hall. Before national prohibition in 1919 the inn included a beer garden, tavern and dance hall. It was at this time that the building was converted into an apartment building. It has subsequently been converted into a bed and breakfast called the Black Horse Inn. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Irasburg Town Hall is the center of the town government of Irasburg, Vermont. Built in 1911, it is located facing Irasburg Square on the site of original county courthouse of Orleans County, which Irasburg was the shire town of until 1884. The town hall is a prominent local civic and social venue, its auditorium featuring fine painted backdrops. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Irasburg Town Hall occupies a prominent position in the center of Irasburg village, on the east side of Irasburg Square, between the public library and the general store. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a dormered hip roof and clapboarded exterior. Its front facade is three bays wide, with a single-story porch extending across the front, with tapered round columns supporting a hip roof. The main entrance opens into a foyer that has stairs leading up at the sides, and provides access to a dining hall and kitchen on the ground floor. The upper level houses an auditorium with stage at the far end, and a vaulted ceiling created by arched panels. Among the theatrical fixtures are five painted backdrops, created by local artists and depicting scenes of northern Vermont.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built in 1911, and is stylistically similar to a typical American Foursquare house, except on a larger scale. It was built on the site of the former county courthouse, which was destroyed by fire in 1910. In addition to housing civic functions, the hall has been home to traveling and local theatrical productions, social events such as weddings and dinners. Its use for such functions declined in the 1970s but has since been revived.</p><br>
<p>Ashleypark Burial Mound is a passage tomb and National Monument located in County Tipperary, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Ashleypark Burial Mound is located 2.1 km (1.3 mi) west of Ardcroney, 1 km north of Ashleypark House and Lake Ourna.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ashleypark Burial Mound dates to the Neolithic: radiocarbon dating indicates a calendar date of c. 3350 BC for the burial in the chamber of an infant. The inner end of the structure contained an adult and child, cattle bones, a bone point, some chert flakes and Neolithic pottery, including sherds bearing channelled decoration. It lay until recently in an ancient oak forest. The site was damaged by bulldozing in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The mound is described as a Linkardstown-type cist but may be a simple passage grave. It consists of a round mound encircled by two low wide banks with internal ditches giving an overall diameter of 90 m (100 yd). The inner mound is 26 m (30 yd) in diameter with a cairn core covered in clay.</p><br>
<p>The megalith is trapezoidal in shape, 5m long and narrowing from 2.3m wide at the SE to 1.3 m at the NW (open) end. It was built around a limestone erratic which serves as a floorstone.</p><br>
<p>Brian Boru&#39;s Fort, also called Béal Ború, is a ringfort and National Monument located in County Clare, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Brian Boru&#39;s Fort is located immediately north of Killaloe, on the west bank of the River Shannon, commanding the southern entry to Lough Derg.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dáithí Ó hÓgáin claimed this site as the birthplace or childhood home of Brian Boru (c. 941 – 1014), High King of Ireland 1002–14; as an adult he was based further south at Kincora (in modern Killaloe).</p><br>
<p>Over 800 stone implements, including stone axes, hammerstones and stone fishing sinkers for lines and nets, have been found in the immediate neighbourhood. It is likely that it was occupied during the Stone Age. In 1961 Michael J. OKellys excavations revealed a ringfort which had been inhabited, abandoned and later built over. The larger structure was never completed or occupied.</p><br>
<p>The name Béal Bóruma means "mouth of cattle tribute&quot it may have been at the fording-point here that the Dál gCais paid or received such tributes.</p><br>
<p>Brian Borus fort was built in the eleventh century and stood possibly until 1116 when Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobairs men defeated the Ua Briain and destroyed Kincora. Later finds include Hiberno-Norse pennies minted c.1035–70, decorated slate, five bronze pins, a tangled stud, 25 nails, two small sherds of pottery, animal and bird bones and musket balls.</p><br>
<p>In 1207 the Normans tried to build a motte and bailey but were driven off. Geoffrey de Marisco instead built a castle at Killaloe in 1216.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The fort is a mound of earth 70 m (80 yd) in diameter.</p><br>
<p>The 1961 excavation discovered postholes of a rectangular wooden building with a central hearth near the western side of the enclosed area, situated perpendicular to the bank. It was approximately 4 m by 2.5 m (13 ft by 8 ft), with a paved entryway.</p><br>
<h2>In fiction</h2><br>
<p>Béal Ború is mentioned in Morgan Llywelyn&#39;s 1990 novel Brian Boru: Emperor of the Irish, winner of a Bisto Award.</p><br>
<p>The Zephaniah Kidder House is a historic building located in Epworth, Iowa, United States. A Maine native, Kidder settled in Iowa in 1853 after spending some time in California. He was one of three men who laid out the town of Epworth on their land holdings in</p><br>
<p>1855. He was also instrumental in founding the Epworth Seminary, and was involved in a variety business ventures. Kidder was involved in the construction of this house, which was completed in 1868. It&#39;s a 2½-story structure built of locally produced brick. The house features a symmetrical plan, side gable roof, bracketed eaves, and two interior brick chimneys. The main facade is three bays wide, with protruding bay windows on the first floor, and the main entrance has sidelights and transom that is covered by a flat-roofed porch. The second floor has windows with keystone drip moldings. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Sargent-Robinson House is a historic house at 972 and 974 Washington Street in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Built about 1760, it is a well-preserved example of an iconic local form, the gambrel-roofed cottage. It also includes probable foundational remnants of the c. 1700 house built on the site, and was owned into the 20th century by descendants of Samuel Sargent, who settled the land in 1695. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Sargent-Robinson House is located in a rural-residential area of northern Gloucester, on the west side of Washington Street (Massachusetts Route 127) at its junction with Bay View Lane, a private lane of some antiquity. The house is a 1-1/2 story timber-frame construction, with a gambrel roof, large off-center chimney, and shingled exterior. The front facade has the entrance placed in front of the chimney, with two windows to one side and one to the other. The interior has a narrow entry vestibule with window staircase to the attic, with a parlor to the left, and what was originally the kitchen to the right. Ells dating to the early 19th century, also retaining features of that period, extend the house to the north and east. The interior was subjected to a historically sensitive restoration in the 1960s and 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1760 by Jonathan Sargent, the grandson of Samuel Sargent, who first settled this land in 1695. The younger Sargent&#39;s lands included 17 acre of property between the "highway" (now essentially Washington Street) and the coast. In the early 19th century the house was enlarged and divided for use by two families, typically both members of the extended Sargent clan. In 1836 it was acquired by Daniel Robinson, who had married Charlotte Sargent. Robinsons, later married into the Lane family, owned the property until 1969. It was then subjected to a careful restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Golaghat Baptist Church established in December 1898, is one of the oldest and biggest Baptist Churches in Assam located in the city of Golaghat that had celebrated its Centenary Jubilee in the year 1999. The pioneering man behind the foundation of this church was Dr. O. L. Swanson, a missionary from America, who had come to Assam in 1893 along with his wife. Dr. Swanson was assisted by a number of local people to erect this church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christianity was on the rise during the late 1800s and early 1900s in Upper - Assam and quite a few church buildings were erected during that period. These were termed as Indigenous Churches by the American Missionaries and the cost of these church buildings if paid in hard cash would&#39;ve amounted to ₹1500 at that time. The missionary work was becoming more fully organized during that period, and that led the formation of the church.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The Assam Baptist Convention has its primary operations&#39; office at Golaghat and is led by the General Secretary. The convention consists of six associations located at Goalpara, Golaghat, Guwahati, Nagaon, Sivasagar, and Tinsukia.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Home for Aged Men, more recently Building 60, is a historic residential care building on the campus of the Brockton Veterans Administration facility at 940 Belmont Street in Brockton, Massachusetts. Built in 1924, it was one of two institutions in the city specifically for the care of elderly men. It was taken over by the VA in 1949, and is being rehabilitated for use as veteran housing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Howard Home for Aged Men is one of the oldest buildings on the campus of the Brockton VA. The campus is on the south side of Belmont Street just east of Massachusetts Route 24, and the Howard Home stands near the road at the campus&#39;s northeast corner. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a dormered gable roof and stone trim elements. The main facade is eleven bays wide, with the center three projecting slightly under a gabled wall dormer. Most of the windows are rectangular sash, set in openings with stone sills and splayed lintels of brick and stone. The entrance is at the center, sheltered by a semicircular portico supported by Corinthian columns and topped by a metal balustrade. A Palladian-style three-part window is set above the entrance, and a round-arched window is set in the gable above. The interior has undergone a variety of alterations over the years, reflective of regular adaptive reuse of the building by the VA.</p><br>
<p>The home was established in 1924, funded with a bequest from Horace Howard of Providence, Rhode Island, whose family was long prominent in Bridgewater, which Brockton was originally part of. The building served in this role until 1949, when it was taken by the state as part of a new Veterans Administration facility. The building has seen numerous uses by the VA, including as nurse housing and office space. It is in 2016-17 undergoing rehabilition for use as housing for veterans.</p><br>
<p>The Ora Holland House, also known as the Holland-Viner House, is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Holland was a contractor-builder who came to Dubuque from Vermont in 1846 by way of Jacksonville, Illinois where he learned his trade. He built his house over a period of two years because of other projects he was involved with, completing construction in 1857. Holland acquired the property from the Langworthy brothers, who were the first prominent citizens of Dubuque to settle above the bluff. The two-story brick residence is reminiscent of the Federal style. The entry, heavy window cornices and parapets reflect the Greek Revival style. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The T. Ben Loetscher House is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. T. Ben and Nellie Loetscher had this house built in 1929. It is one of the best examples of early 20th century period revival eclecticism in the city. It was designed by Dubuque architect C.I. Krajewski. The 2½-story brick house features a main entrance with sidelights and other windows that reaches the attic level. It features a blend of wood carvings in foliate and rope designs, and Bedford stone lintels and blocks that are carved with reliefs that reflect an Italian Renaissance influence. The brick color, chimneys and roof style reflect the Tudor Revival style. The house also has large windows with transom and casements that reflect the Colonial Revival style. A single-story brick addition is located on its southeast side blends into the rest of the house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Johann Christian Frederick Rath House is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Rath settled in the Dubuque are from his native Hanover in 1851. He was a wood worker, farmer and lead miner. He acquired property along what is now Mt. Loretta Avenue and gave parcels to his children as they came of age. Rath completed this house in 1853. He died in 1881 and the house remained in the family until 1937. The house is a 1½-story brick structure with a walk-out basement. The side-gable roof has a large dormer on the back that was created from two smaller dormers in 1940. Also on the rear of the house is a full-length, two-story porch. The house&#39;s general form, window shapes, chimney placement and its five-bay, symmetrical plan suggests the Georgian Revival style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The J.H. Thedinga House is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Thedinga was a native of Hanover who settled in Dubuque in 1839. He studied law, but never practiced it. He was an early settler here and was engaged in retail. Thedinga also held a variety of political positions, including mayor. The two-story brick structure features crow-stepped gables on the sides. It was built as an addition to a frame house in 1855. The frame structure was removed some time between 1885 and 1900. The brick structure was altered at that time so that the library was converted into a kitchen and dining room, the parlor was divided into two sections, and the lower and upper porches were added to the south side. The house was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976,</p><br>
